Parcial 2

1.ADJETIVOS CALIFICATIVOS

Los adjetivos calificativos son aquellos que se usan antes del nombre o del sustantivo no cambiando de forma el número de los sujetos ya sean singulares o plurales, utilizando tambien el verbo to be, el adjetivo calificativo nos menciona como es el sustantivo.

The adjectives are those used before the noun or name not changing so the number of subjects either singular or plural, also using the verb to be, the adjective is referred to as the noun.

Ejemplos/Examples

1.Henry is a big boy/Henry es un chico grande

2.Mary is a pretty girl/Mary es una chica bonita

3.Fred is a good student/Fred es un buen estudiante

4.Mr. James is nice in the clasroom/Mr. James es agradable en el aula

5.This is a clean window/Esta ventana está limpia    

6.This is a large box/Esta es una caja  larga

7.This box is big/Esta caja es grande

8.This boy is a bright Mike/Este chico es brillante Mike

9.This book is not fine on my desk/Este libro no está bien en mi escritorio

10.There is a dirty store in the corner/Esta es una tienda sucia en la esquina

2.Ejercicio página 58/exercise page 58.

 This is a clean beach/Esta es una playa limpia

The beach is very clean/La playa es muy limpia

This is a old house/Esta es una casa vieja

The house is very old/La casa es muy vieja

This is a dirty River/Este es un río sucio

The River is very dirty/El río es muy sucio

This is a quiet street/Esta es una calle tranquila

The street is very quiet/La calle es muy tranquila

This is a noisy city/Esta es una ciudad ruidosa

The city is very noisy/La ciudad es muy ruidosa

This is a modern building/Este es un edificio moderno

The  building is very modern/El edificio es muy moderno

3.Washington, D.C

Washington, D.C. is the capital of the US. This is a big city. The National mall is very popular with tourist. There is a big statue of Abraham Lincoln, is pretty. Lincoln Memorial and beautiful big monument, is the Washington monument. The capital is a very busy place. It is a very famous for its beautiful dome.

Georgetown is a famous area in Washington, D.C. too is very bright. There are lots of old pretty houses and also lots of big wonderful restaurants. The white house is where the president of the U.S lives. It is very big and beautiful. Washington, D.C. is a WONDERFUL city. It is a grat place for a trip.

Washington, DC es la capital de los EE.UU.. Esta es una gran ciudad. El National Mall es muy popular entre los turistas. Hay una gran estatua de Abraham Lincoln, es bonita. Lincoln Memorial y grande hermoso monumento, es el monumento a Washington. El capital es un lugar muy concurrido. Es un lugar muy famoso por su hermosa cúpula. 

Georgetown es una zona muy conocida en Washington, DC también es muy brillante. Hay un montón de viejas casas bonitas y también un montón de grandes restaurantes maravillosos. La casa blanca es donde el presidente de los EE.UU. vive. Es muy grande y hermosa. Washington, DC es una ciudad maravillosa. Es un gran lugar para un viaje.

4. Presente contínuo o progresivo:

Afirmativa:

Sujeto + verbo to be + verbo con ing + complemento

I am playing soccer

Negativa:

Sujeto + verbo to be + not + verbo con ing + complemento

I am not playing soccer

Interrogativa:

Verbo to be + sujeto + verbo con ing + complemento + ?

Am I playing soccer?

5. Ejemplos/Examples

Afirmativa:

I am watching T.V

You are walking at the park

He is going to store

Mary is drinking soda

We are eating at the restaurant

They are playing videogames

You are working in a company

He is singing a song

We are cooking spaggetti

She is driving the car

Negativa:

I am not watching T.V

You are not walking at the park

He is not going to store

Mary ir not drinking soda

We are not eating at the restaurant

They are not playing videogames

You are not working in a company

He is not singing a song

We are not cooking spaggetti

She is not driving the car

Interrogativa:

Am I watching T.V?

Are You walking at the park?

Is He going to store?

Is Mary drinking soda?

Are We eating at the restaurant?

Are They Playing videogames?

Are You working in a company?

Is He singing a song?

Are We cooking spaggetti?

Is She driving the car?

6 Artículos definidos e indefinidos:

Artículos indefinidos (a= un, an=una)

#Se usa a antes de sonido de consonante

a table   a pencil

#Se usa an antes del sonido vocálico:

an  orange          an apple   an honest

Artículos definidos (the= el,la,los,las)

The para:

Femenino= the girl

Masculino= the boy

Neutro= the desk

7. Ejemplos/Examples

the table

the pencil

the girls

the hour

the pen

the chairs

the books

the teachers

the student

the orange

the things

the apples

the desks

the boy

the box

the umbrella

the notebook

the blackboard

the elephant

the insect

the university

the uniform

the honest man

the house

This is a....  or This is an..

this is a book

this is an umbrella

this is a table

this is an apple

this is a house

this is a student

this is a piece of chalk

this is an honest man

this is an uniform

this is a notebook

this is an elephant

this is a man

this is a woman

this is a chair

this is an orange

this is a desk

this is a university

this is a teacher

this is a box

this is a house

this is an insect

this is a pencil

this is an hour

this is a blackboard

8. Página 69/page 69

a ball

a cap

an ice cream cone

an umbrella

a snake

an apple

a horse

a goldfish

a rabbit

a parrot

9.Conversacion/conversation

Tourist: Excuse me. Where's the Golden Gate Park?

Man: It's on Lincoln way

Tourist: How can I get there?

Man: From here? You can go by subway or bus

Tourist: Thank you

Man: You're welcome. Have a nice day!

Tourist: Excuse me. Where's the zoo?

Man: It's on Sloat Boulevard

Tourist: How can I get there?

Man: From here? You can go by taxi or bus

Tourist: Thank you

Man: You're welcome. Have a nice day!

Tourist: Excuse me. Where's The Science Museum?

Man: It's on baker street

Tourist: How can I get there?

Man: From here? You can go by cable car or by subway

Tourist: Thank you

Man: You're welcome. Have a nice day!

Tourist: Excuse me. Where's The Modern Art Museum?

Man: It's on Third Street

Tourist: How can I get there?

Man:From here? You can go by subway or taxi

Tourist: Thank you

Man: You're welcome. Have a nice day!

10. Preguntas sobre lugares/questions about the places

A:Where's the zoo?

B:It's on 2da avenue

A:How far is it?

B:It's about near our Hotel

A:Is it near History Museum?

B:Yes, it is

A:Where's History Museum?

B:It's on Main Street

A:How far is it?

B:It's about near our Hotel

A:Is it near zoo?

B:Yes. It is

A:Where's The Mexican Restaurant?

B:Its on 1st Avenue

A:How far is it?

B:It's about far our Hotel

A:Is it near planetarium?

B:Yes. It is

A:Where's Planetarium?

B:It's on 1st Avenue

A:How far is it?

B:It's about far our hotel

A:Is it near Mexican Restaurant?

B:Yes. It is

A:Where's Aquarium?

B:It's on pine street

A:How far is it?

B:Its about far our hotel

A:Is it near Cathedral?

B:Yes. It is

A:Where's Cathedral?

B:It's on pine street

A:How far is it?

B:Its about far our hotel

A:Is it near aquarium?

B:Yes. It is

A:Where's Shopping Mall?

B:It's on Mason Street

A:How far is it?

B:Its about far our hotel

A:Is it near Cathedral?

B:No, It isn't

11.Preposiciones de lugar/prepositions of place

in(in) en,dentro de

on(on) sobre, en, encima de

at(at) en

between(bituín) entre

in front of(in fránt ov)enfrente de

of(ov)de

off(of)de, fuera de

under(ánder)debajo de, bajo

beneath(biníiz)bajo, debajo de

underneath(anderníiz)bajo, debajo de

above(abóv)encima de, sobre, arriba

next to(next chu)al lado de, junto a

behind(bijáind)detrás de

across(acrós)a lo ancho de, a través de, al otro lado de

from(fróm)de,desde

over(óuver)encima de, sobre

by(bái)al lado de, junto a

near(níar)cerca de

close to(cloús tchu)cerca de

to(tchú)para, hacia

beside(bisáid)al lado de, junto a

among(amóng)antre, en medio de

before(bifór)delante de, ante

after(áfter)después de, tras

off(off)de, fuera de

over(óver) sobre,por encima de

behind detrás de

12.Preposiciones de tiempo/prepositions of time

In

In + países

In spain 

In + ciudades

In Madrid

In + habitaciones

In the kitchen

In + cuerpos de agua

In the ocean

In + clima/tiempo

In the rain

In + ciertos lugares y expresiones

In the sky

On

On + superficies

On the table

On + medios de transporte 

On a ship

On + partes del cuerpo

On your arm

On + ciertas cosas y lugares

On televisión

At:

At + lugares comunes

At work

At + lugares específicos

At Kennedy Airport

At + direcciones y domicilios

At 2354 Rivadavia Avenue

At + ciertas cosas o posiciones

At the bottom

Parcial I

TEMA INTEGRADOR THEME INTEGRATOR

1. Personalidad/Personality

Personality has to do with individual differences among people in behavior patterns, cognition and emotion. Different personality theorists present their own definitions of the word based on their theoretical positions.

The term "personality trait" refers to enduring personal characteristics that are revealed in a particular pattern of behaviour in a variety of situations.

Personality can be determined through a variety of tests, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Rorschach Inkblot test, or the Thematic Apperception Test . The most popular technique is the self-report inventory - a series of answers to a questionnaire - that asks participants to indicate the extent to which sets of statements or adjectives accurately describe their own behavior or mental state

The study of personality started with Hippocrates' four humours and gave rise to four temperaments. The explanation was further refined by his successor Galen during the second century CE. The "Four Humours" theory held that a person's personality was based on the balance of bodily humours; yellow bile, black bile, phlegm and blood. Choleric people were characterized as having an excess of yellow bile, making them irascible. High levels of black bile was indicative of melancholy and pessimism. Phlegmatic people were thought to have an excess of phlegm, leading to their sluggish, calm temperament. Finally, people thought to have high levels of blood were said to be sanguine and were characterized by their cheerful, passionate dispositions

Personality is usually broken into components called the Big Five, which are: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (or emotionality). These components are generally stable over time and appear to be attributable to a person’s genetics rather than the effects of one’s environment.

Some research has investigated whether the relationship between happiness and extraversion seen in adults can also be seen in children. The implications of these findings can help identify children that are more likely to experience episodes of depression and develop types of treatment that such children are likely to respond to. In both children and adults, research shows that genetics, as opposed to environmental factors, exert a greater influence on happiness levels. Personality is not believed to become stable until approximately the age of thirty, and personality constructs in children are referred to as temperament. Temperament is regarded as the precursor to personality.  Whereas McCrae and Costa’s Big Five Model assesses personality traits in adults, the EAS model is used to assess temperament in children. This model measures levels of emotionality, activity, sociability and shyness in children. The EAS model is believed to be the equivalent of the Big Five model in adults. Findings show that high degrees of sociability and low degrees of shyness are equivalent to adult extroversion, and also correlate with higher levels of life satisfaction in children.

2.Traducción/Translation

 La personalidad tiene que ver con las diferencias individuales entre las personas en los patrones de comportamiento, la cognición y la emoción. Diferentes teóricos de la personalidad presentan sus propias definiciones de la palabra sobre la base de sus posiciones teóricas.

El término "rasgo de la personalidad" se refiere a soportar características personales que se revelan en un patrón particular de comportamiento en una variedad de situaciones.

La personalidad puede ser determinada a través de una variedad de pruebas, como el Inventario Multifásico de Personalidad de Minnesota, prueba de la mancha de tinta de Rorschach o el Test de apercepción temática. La técnica más popular es el inventario de autoinforme - una serie de respuestas a un cuestionario que pide a los participantes para indicar la medida en que establece de declaraciones o adjetivos describir con precisión su propio comportamiento o estado mental

El estudio de la personalidad comenzó con Hipócrates cuatro humores y dio lugar a cuatro temperamentos. La explicación fue perfeccionado por su sucesor Galen durante el siglo II. La teoría de "cuatro humores" sostuvo que la personalidad de una persona se basa en el equilibrio de los humores corporales; bilis amarilla, bilis negro, flema y sangre. Personas coléricas se caracterizan por tener un exceso de bilis amarilla, haciéndolos irascible. Los altos niveles de bilis negro era indicativo de la melancolía y el pesimismo. Personas flemáticos se cree que tienen un exceso de flema, lo que lleva a su lentitud, temperamento tranquilo. Por último, la gente piensa que tienen altos niveles de sangre se dice que son optimistas y se caracterizaron por sus alegres, disposiciones apasionados

La personalidad se suele dividir en componentes llamados los cinco grandes, que son: apertura a la experiencia, la conciencia, extraversión, agradabilidad y neuroticismo (o emocionalidad). Estos componentes son generalmente estables en el tiempo y parecen ser atribuibles a la genética de una persona en lugar de los efectos de su entorno.

Algunas investigaciones han investigado si la relación entre la felicidad y extraversión visto en adultos también se puede ver en los niños. Las implicaciones de estos hallazgos pueden ayudar a identificar a los niños que son más propensos a experimentar episodios de depresión y desarrollar los tipos de tratamiento que tales niños son propensos a responder a. En ambos niños y adultos, la investigación muestra que la genética, en contraposición a los factores ambientales, ejercen una mayor influencia en los niveles de felicidad. La personalidad no se cree para ser estable hasta aproximadamente los treinta años, y las construcciones de la personalidad en los niños se les conoce como temperamento. El temperamento es considerado como el precursor de la personalidad. Mientras evalúa McCrae y Costa del Big Five Modelo rasgos de personalidad en los adultos, el modelo de EAS se utiliza para evaluar el temperamento en los niños. Este modelo mide los niveles de emotividad, la actividad, la sociabilidad y la timidez en los niños. El modelo de EAS se cree que es el equivalente del modelo del Big Five en los adultos. Los resultados muestran que un alto grado de sociabilidad y bajos grados de timidez son equivalentes a la extroversión de adultos, y también se correlacionan con mayores niveles de satisfacción con la vida en los niños.

3.Pronombres Personales/Subject Pronouns

I	YO	PRIMERA PERSONA
YOU	TÚ	SEGUNDAS PERSONAS
HE SHE IT	ÉL ELLA ESO	TERCERAS PERSONAS
WE YOU THEY	NOSOTROS USTEDES ELLOS	SEGUNDAS PERSONAS (PLURALES)

4.Presente del verbo to Be/Present of  the verb Be.

Afirmativa/Affirmative:

Sujeto + verbo to Be + complemento

Subject + verb Be + complement         

              

I am happy

Negativa/Negative:

Sujeto + verbo to Be + not (negación) + complemento

Subject+ verb Be + not + complement

I am not happy

Interrogativa/Interrogative

Verbo to Be + sujeto + complemento + "?"

Verb Be + subject + complement + "?"

Am I happy?

5. Ejemplos de presente del verbo to Be/Present examples of the verb Be.

I am eat fish

I am not eat fish

Am I eat fish?

You are pretty

You are not pretty

Are You pretty?

He is very intelligent

He is not very intelligent

Is He very intelligent?

She is 26 years old

She is not 26 years old

Is She 26 years old?

It is funny

It is not funny

Is It funny?

We are in the high school

We are not in the high school

Are We in the high school?

You are in the park

You are not in the park

Are You in the park?

They are excited about the award

They are not excited about the award

Are They excited about the award?

I am happy with my friends

I am not happy with my friends

Am I happy with my friends?

You are in my house

You are not in my house

Are you in my house?

6. Presente Simple/Simple Present.

Afirmativa/Affirmative.

Sujeto + verbo + complemento

-You work in a company

-He drinks a lot of water

Negativa/Negative.

Sujeto+ do/does+not+verbo+complemento

-You do not/(don't) work in a company

-He does not/(doesn't) drink a lot of water

Interrogativa/Interrogative.

Do/Does+sujeto+verbo+complemento+"?"

-Do you work in a company?

-Does He drink a lot of water?

7.Ejemplos/Examples.

Afirmativa/Affirmative

1.Mary (play) plays soccer with her brother

2.You (run) run at park

3.He (drink) drinks a soda

4.She (talk) talks to her mother

5.We (walk) walk at home

6. It (rain) rains a lot of water

7.They (eat) eat a hamburger

8. Juan (do) does the homework

9.Pedro (cook) cooks a soup

10.We (sing) sing a song

Negativa/Negative.

1.Mary doesn't play soccer with her brother

2.You don't run at park

3.He doesn't drink a soda

4.She doesn't talk to her mother 

5.We don't walk at home

6.It doesn't rain a lot of water

7.They don't eat a hamburger

8.Juan doesn't the homework

9.Pedro doesn't cook a soup

10.We don't sing a song

Interrogativa/Interrogative.

1.Does Mary play soccer with her brother?

2.Do you run at park?

3.Does He drink a soda?

4.Does she talk to her mother?

5.Do We walk at home?

6.Does It rain a lot of water?

7.Do They eat a hamburger?

8.Does Juan the homework?

9.Does Pedro cook a soup?

10.Do We sing a song?

8. Wh Question Words

Who= ¿Quién?

When= ¿Cuándo?

Where= ¿Dónde?

What= ¿Qué?

Which= ¿Cuál?

Why= ¿Por qué?

How= ¿Cómo? ¿Cuántos?

How much= ¿Cuánto? (no contable)

How many= ¿Cuántos? (contable)

How long= ¿Durante cuánto tiempo?

How often= ¿Qué tan a menudo? ¿Con qué frecuencia?

9. Mi mascota/My pet

 My name is alejandra. This is my dog,Rocky. He is black.He is five years old.

10.Adjetivos Posesivos/Possessive Adjectives

I	MY	MÍO
YOU	YOUR	TUYO, SUYO
HE	HIS	SUYO (DE ÉL)
SHE	HER	SUYO (DE ELLA)
IT	ITS	SUYO (NEUTRO)
WE	OUR	NUESTRO
YOU	YOUR	SUYO (DE USTED, DE USTEDES)
THEY	THEIR	SUYO (DE ELLOS)